Hydroxide relaxers remove one atom of sulfur from a disulfide bond, converting it into a _____ bond.

Hydroxide relaxers are specifically designed to alter hair's structure by breaking down disulfide bonds, which are chemical bonds formed between cysteine amino acids in the hair. When hydroxide relaxers are applied, they remove one atom of sulfur from a disulfide bond, resulting in the formation of a lanthionine bond.

Lanthionine bonds are a type of bond that is created when disulfide bonds are transformed through the process of permanent waving or relaxing. This reaction changes the structure of the hair, allowing for a more relaxed and straightened appearance. The significance of the lanthionine bond in hair relaxers lies in its stability compared to the original disulfide bonds, thus making the hair less likely to revert back to its original curly or wavy state.

Other options focus on different aspects of hair structure or chemical interactions that do not involve the specific transformation that occurs with hydroxide relaxers. For instance, cystine refers to the sulfur-containing amino acid involved in the original bond before it is altered, keratin is the protein made up of long chains of amino acids, and hydrate pertains to water molecules, none of which capture the changes brought about by the action of hydroxide relaxers on disulf