What effect does "bleaching" have on hair?

Bleaching hair primarily involves the use of chemical agents, typically hydrogen peroxide or ammonia, which penetrate the hair cuticle and strip the hair of its natural pigment. This process effectively removes or lightens the natural color, allowing for a range of shades from lighter blondes to dramatic pastel or even white colors, depending on the desired outcome and the effectiveness of the bleaching application.

This option is correct because it highlights the core function of bleaching in hair coloring processes, distinguishing it from other treatments that may add color, strengthen, or nourish the hair. Bleaching does not provide additional pigment; rather, it modifies the existing color by reducing the concentration of melanin in the hair. The awareness of this process is crucial for cosmetologists, as it directly impacts how clients can achieve their desired hair colors and how to care for bleached hair after treatment.