What is the purpose of a base coat in nail application?

The purpose of a base coat in nail application is to protect the nail from staining and improve the adhesion of the polish. When applied before any colored polish, a base coat serves as a barrier that helps prevent the pigments from the polish from penetrating and discoloring the natural nail. Additionally, a base coat creates a smooth surface, allowing the colored polish to adhere better, which can result in a longer-lasting manicure. This step is crucial because it prepares the nails for the application of the color while also enhancing the overall durability and appearance of the finished look.