What skin condition is characterized by hyperpigmented patches?

Melasma is a skin condition that is specifically characterized by the appearance of hyperpigmented patches, which are often darker than the surrounding skin. These patches typically manifest on areas of the face that are frequently exposed to sunlight, such as the cheeks, forehead, and upper lip. The hyperpigmentation results from an increase in melanin production, triggered by factors such as sun exposure, hormonal changes (often associated with pregnancy or birth control pills), and genetics.

Understanding melasma is crucial because it can significantly impact an individual's appearance and self-esteem. Treatments often involve sun protection, topical brightening agents, and sometimes procedures like chemical peels or laser therapy to help reduce the pigmentation. This condition's specific nature sets it apart from other skin issues such as psoriasis, which is marked by scaly patches, dermatitis, which often involves inflammation and redness, and acne, characterized by blemishes and pustules rather than hyperpigmentation.