Which layer of the epidermis is known as the basal cell layer?

The basal cell layer of the epidermis is indeed referred to as the stratum germinativum. This layer is crucial for the regeneration of the skin, as it contains actively dividing cells known as keratinocytes. These cells migrate upwards through the layers of the epidermis, undergoing differentiation until they reach the outermost layer, the stratum corneum, which consists of dead, flattened cells.

Furthermore, the stratum germinativum is also home to melanocytes, which produce melanin and are responsible for skin pigmentation, as well as Merkel cells, which are involved in the sensation of touch. Thus, this layer plays a key role not only in skin renewal but also in protecting against environmental factors and contributing to skin color.

The other layers mentioned, like the stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, and stratum lucidum, have distinct functions and appearances that are different from those of the stratum germinativum, primarily related to the processes of cell death and keratinization as cells move outward from the basal layer.